Bread wheat provides about one fifth of the world's food.
The discovery is a big step forward in the continued improvement of bread wheat, which provides roughly one fifth of the world’s food, the UWA said.
Professor David Edwards from UWA’s School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture led a team in assembling the pangenome of bread wheat. The pangenome includes all the genes for a species rather than a single individual.
“We expected there to be some differences, but not on this scale,” Edwards said. “Surprisingly, 21,000 genes were not present in the previously published reference cultivar Chinese Spring.”
Edwards said the bread wheat pangenome constitutes a significant resource for the wheat genomics and breeding communities as understanding the diversity of genes is essential for their association with agronomic traits.
“The pangenome assembly is a better resource for wheat breeders and researchers as it reflects the diversity in modern bread wheat varieties, which in turn allows us to direct future wheat breeding efforts,” Edwards said.
The team also demonstrated that bread wheat varieties show large differences in gene content, with around 60,000 out of a total of 140,000 genes being absent in one or more varieties.
The findings were published in the paper The pangenome of hexaploid bread wheat in The Plant Journal. The research was supported by the Australian Research Council, The University of Western Australia, Australian Genome Research Facility, Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation and the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre.
